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[[ファイル:MKGandhi.jpg|thumb|マハトマ・ガンジー(1869年‐1948年)]]
[[w:マハトマ・ガンジー|マハトマ・ガンジー]](1869年‐1948年)はインドの非暴力運動の指導者、政治家。出生名は'''モハンダス・カラムチャンド・ガンジー'''。
 
4 ⟶ 5行目:
* あらゆる執着からの[[自由]]とは神を[[真理]]として現実化させることである。
*: Freedom from all attachment is the realization of God as Truth.
 
*「眼には眼を」で行けば、しまいには全世界が盲目になってしまう。
*:"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind."
 
*[[地球]]は、すべての人の必要を充足せしめても、彼らの[[欲]]を満たしきることはできない。
*: "Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed."
 
*国の偉大さ、道徳的発展は、その国における[[動物]]の扱い方で判る。
*:"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated."
 
*[[目的]]を見つけよ。手段は後からついてくる。
*:"Find purpose, the means will follow."
 
*明日[[死]]ぬかのように生きろ。永劫永らえるかのように学べ。
*:"Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever."
 
*弱いものは[[赦し|赦す]]ことができません。赦しとは強いものの性質なのです。
*:"The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong."
 
*自分自身の[[知恵]]に信をあまりに置くのは賢明ではない。心に留めるといい――最も強い者でも弱くなりえ、最も賢しい者でも誤りうる。
*:"It is unwise to be too sure of one's own wisdom. It is healthy to be reminded that the strongest might weaken and the wisest might err."
 
*なにかを[[信念|信じて]]おきながら、それに生きない――それは不誠実というものだ。
*:"To believe in something, and not live it, is dishonest."
 
*この世界の内に望む変化に、あなた自身が成ってみせなさい。
*:"You should be the change that you want to see in the world."
 
*周知だからと言って間違いは真実にはならなければ、誰もそう見ないからといって真実が間違いにもならない。例え大衆の支持無くとも、真実は立ち上がる。真実は自立しているから。
*:"An error does not become truth by reason of multiplied propagation, nor does truth become error because nobody sees it. Truth stands, even if there be no public support. It is self sustained."
38 ⟶ 29行目:
*私は自分が[[死|死ぬ]]覚悟ならある。しかし、私に人を殺す覚悟をさせる大義はどこにもない。
*:"I am prepared to die, but there is no cause for which I am prepared to kill."
 
*はじめに彼等は無視し、次に笑い、そして挑みかかるだろう。そうしてわれわれは[[勝利|勝つ]]のだ。
*:"First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win."
**:非暴力運動によるレジスタンスの確立から、勝利への戦略を云ったもの。
 
=== 愛 ===
*私はもっとも大きな[[愛]]を、間違ったことへのもっとも大きな反対と結びつけることができる。
*:"I can combine the greatest love with the greatest opposition to wrong."
 
*人類が絶えず愛の掟に従ってきたかどうか、私は知らない。しかしそれは私の邪魔にはならない。愛の掟はちょうど重力の法則のように働く。我々がそれを認めるかどうかには関わりがない。愛の掟に気がついた人は、我々の今日のどんな科学者よりもはるかに偉大な学者だろう。たんに我々の探求がそこまで十分に行き届いてはいないために、誰にでも愛の法則が働くのが理解できるようになっていないのだ。
*:"Whether humanity will consciously follow the law of love, I do not know. But that need not disturb me. The law will work just as the law of gravitation works, whether we accept it or not. The person who discovered the law of love was a far greater scientist than any of our modern scientists. Only our explorations have not gone far enough and so it is not possible for everyone to see all its workings."
 
*臆病なものは愛を表明することができない。愛を表明するとは勇敢さの現れである。
*:"A coward is incapable of exhibiting love; it is the prerogative of the brave."
 
*私の行動すべては人類への避けがたい愛のうちに源を持っている。
*:"All my actions have their rise in my inalienable love of mankind."
 
*罪を憎みなさい、罪人を愛しなさい。
*:"Hate the sin and love the sinner."
 
*[[敵]]と相対するときには、その敵を愛で征服しなさい。
*:"Whenever you are confronted with an opponent, conquer him with love."
 
<!-- from [[w:en:Mohandas Gandhi]], 18:57, 6 Jan 2005 by Jeandré
==Attributed==
 
*"I do not believe in the doctrine of the greatest good of the greatest number. '''The only real, dignified, human doctrine is the greatest good of all."'''
 
*"I do not want my house to be walled in on sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible."
 
*"I don’t know which is the greater task: to decentralize a top-heavy civilization or to prevent an ancient civilization from becoming centralized and top-heavy. In both cases the core of the problem is to discover what constitutes a good civilization, then proclaim it to the people and help them to erect it."
 
*"I have been known as a crank, faddist, madman. Evidently the reputation is well deserved. For wherever I go, I draw to myself cranks, faddists, and madmen."
 
*"The spirit of democracy cannot be imposed from without. It has to come from within."
 
===On nonviolence===
 
*"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent."
 
*"Victory attained by violence is tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary."
**''Satyagraha Leaflet No. 13'', May 3, 1919
 
*"Things undreamt of are daily being seen, the impossible is ever becoming possible. We are constantly being astonished these days at the amazing discoveries in the field of violence. But I maintain that far more undreamt of and seemingly impossible discoveries will be made in the field of nonviolence."
 
*"Passive resistance is an all-sided sword; it can be used anyhow; it blesses him who uses it and him against whom it is used."
 
*"We must always seek to ally ourselves with that part of the enemy that knows what is right."
 
*"If one has no affection for a person or a system, one should feel free to give the fullest expression to his disaffection so long as he does not contemplate, promote, or incite violence."
**March 18, 1922, during his trial for "exciting disaffection toward His Majesty's Government as established by law in India"
 
*"If we were to drive out the English with the weapons with which they enslaved us, our slavery would still be with us even when they have gone."
 
*"It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of non-violence to cover impotence. Violence is any day preferable to impotence. There is hope for a violent man to become non-violent. There is no such hope for the impotent."
 
===On truth===
*"A 'No' uttered from the deepest conviction is better than a 'Yes' merely uttered to please, or worse, to avoid trouble."
 
*"Honest differences are often a healthy sign of progress."
 
*"It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of nonviolence to cover impotence."
 
*'''"Truth alone will endure; all the rest will be swept away before the tide of time."'''
 
*"Use truth as your anvil, nonviolence as your hammer and anything that does not stand the test when it is brought to the anvil of truth and hammered with nonviolence, reject it."
 
*When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall - think of it, always.
 
*Even If I am a minority of one, truth is still the truth.
 
===On Satyagraha===
''Satyagraha was a term Gandhi coined for his overall activist strategy. One literal translation would be "truth force".''
 
*"The fight of Satyagraha is for the strong in spirit, not the doubter or the timid. Satyagraha teaches us the art of living as well as dying."
 
*"In the code of the Satyagrahi, there is no such thing as surrender to brute force."
 
*"In the dictionary of Satyagraha, there is no enemy."
 
*"A Satyagrahi loves his so-called enemy even as he loves his friend. He owns no enemy."
 
124 ⟶ 85行目:
*"Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed."
** 1922, Opening words of speech in defense trial - Young India (Mar. 23, 1922.)
 
*"I am a Hindu by birth. And yet I do not know much of Hinduism, and I know less of other religions. In fact I do not know where I am, and what is and what should be my belief. I intend to make a careful study of my own religion and, as far as I can, of other religions as well."
** from his autobiography
 
*"Hinduism as I know it entirely satisfies my soul, fills my whole being … When doubts haunt me, when disappointments stare me in the face, and when I see not one ray of light on the horizon, I turn to the [[Bhagavad Gita]], and find a verse to comfort me; and I immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming sorrow. My life has been full of tragedies and if they have not left any visible and indelible effect on me, I owe it to the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita."
 
*"I would far rather that Hinduism died than untouchability lived."
 
*"I call myself a Sanatani [Eternal] Hindu, because I believe in the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Puranas, and all that goes by the name of Hindu scripture, and therefore in avataras and rebirth..."
 
*"In the secret of my heart I am in perpetual quarrel with God that He should allow such things [as the war] to go on. My non-violence seems almost impotent. But the answer comes at the end of the daily quarrel that neither God nor non-violence is impotent. Impotence is in men. I must try on without losing faith even though I may break in the attempt."
 
*"The truth is that God is the force. He is the essence of life. He is pure and undefiled consciousness. He is eternal."
 
*"This freedom from all attachment is the realization of God as Truth."
 
*"Even as a tree has a single trunk but many branches and leaves, there is one religion — human religion — but any number of faiths."
 
*"When the missionary of another religion goes to them, he goes like a vendor of goods. He has no special spiritual merit that will distinguish him from those to whom he goes. He does however possess material goods which he promises to those who will come to his fold."
 
*"My effort should never be to undermine another's faith but to make him a better follower of his own faith."
 
*"It is impossible for me to reconcile myself to the idea of conversion after the style that goes on in India and elsewhere today. It is an error which is perhaps the greatest impediment to the world’s progress toward peace … Why should a Christian want to convert a Hindu to Christianity? Why should he not be satisfied if the Hindu is a good or godly man?" (Harijan: January 30, 1937)
 
*"I came to the conclusion long ago … that all religions were true and also that all had some error in them, and whilst I hold by my own, I should hold others as dear as Hinduism. So we can only pray, if we are Hindus, not that a Christian should become a Hindu … But our innermost prayer should be a Hindu should be a better Hindu, a Muslim a better Muslim, a Christian a better Christian." (Young India: January 19, 1928)
 
*"My whole soul rebels against the idea that Hinduism and Islam represent two antagonistic cultures and doctrines. To assent to such a doctrine is for me a denial of God."
 
*"We must respect other religions, even as we respect our own. Mere tolerance thereof is not enough. "-->
 
157 ⟶ 104行目:
*いい考えだったんだろうとは思うね。
*: "I think it would be a good idea!"
**:「西洋文明についてどう思いますか」という記者の質問に答えて。
 
*ヨーロッパは、[[神]]の、あるいは[[キリスト教]]の精神を代表していない、むしろサタンの精神を表している、というのは私の堅い信念である。そしてサタンの成功が最大のものとなるのは、その口に神の名をのせて現れるときである。
*:"It is my firm opinion that Europe does not represent the spirit of God or Christianity but the spirit of Satan. And Satan’s successes are the greatest when he appears with the name of God on his lips."
*西洋のキリスト教が実際に行っていることを考えるに、[[イエス・キリスト|キリスト]]の[実践した]キリスト教の否定だと思う。
 
*西洋のキリスト教が実際に行っていることを考えるに、[[イエス・キリスト|キリスト]]の[実践した]キリスト教の否定だと思う。
*:"I consider western Christianity in its practical working a negation of Christ’s Christianity."
 
<!--
*"I do not consider [[Hitler]] to be as bad as he is depicted. He is showing an ability that is amazing and seems to be gaining his victories without much bloodshed"
177 ⟶ 121行目:
*"Generations to come, it may be, will scarcely believe that such a one, as this, ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth." &mdash; [[Albert Einstein]]
-->
{{wikipedia|マハトマ・ガンジー}}
== 外部リンク ==
[[Category:政治家|か1んし1ー・まはとま]]